Ohm (Ω): A measure of resistance or impedance. The distance light travels in 1/299,792,458 second. Length: (l): The symbol for distance in meters (m). Joule (J): The work required to move a Newton (1 N) a meter (1 m). Horse Power (HP): The power a horse can achieve. One Farad equals a capacitor that has a Coulomb (1 C) of charge on it with a voltage separation of a Volt (1 V). The unit cps (or kilocycles, megacycles, etc.) is more often seen in older documents.įarad (F): The SI unit for Capacitance (C). This is equivalent to Hertz, but Hertz is the official unit. Equals a coulomb (1 C) of charged particles moving past a point in one second (1 s).Ĭycles per second (cps): As the name implies, a measurement of frequency in full cycles of a wave per second. Hertz, meters, and seconds are units.Īmpere, Amp (A): The SI unit for current I. So we should copy all of these to the definitions page as well? Things like frequency, length, time and wavelength are not units they should be in the definitions section and not here. Ideally all the definitions in Units should find their way into the main definitions page. That's where the units page comes in handy as you only have to search through a small number of units to find the unit you want. Imagine doing a math problem and coming across Ξ. My take on the units page is that it is a guide for doing math problems. (Do we want these separated from the definitions page? or should we include all of these on the definitions page and just have a separate units page too?) One reason people don't understand math or Physics very well is that it literally is Greek to them. The majority of these units are named after famous people in the field who either discovered the units or had someone else name the units after them. As supplementary data, the radiation pattern and VSWR of the fabricated metaloop antenna are also presented, together with the radiation efficiency and some comments.These are the units you would find when doing problems in electronics. Measurements confirm that the fabricated metaloop antenna has a balanced gain in the normal direction. Finally, a metaloop antenna is fabricated on the basis of the antenna simulation model. Fourthly, a metaloop antenna simulation model that has a balanced gain is created using practical N-type and C-type metaatoms that realize the composite current. Using this formulation, the ratio of the gain for an LHCP wave to the gain for an RHCP wave, Gr, is derived. Thirdly, to check this inference, a radiation field generated from a composite of the N-type and C-type currents, ENC, is formulated. The second investigation, when combined with the first investigation, leads to an inference that balanced radiation (and hence balanced gain) will be obtained when the N-type current over a certain region of the loop is replaced with a C-type current. Secondly, the radiation field generated from a C-type current, EC, is investigated. The investigation clarifies the behavior of the unbalance between the left-handed circularly polarized (LHCP) component of EN at frequency f(−) and the right-handed circularly polarized (RHCP) component of EN at frequency f(+), where the loop circumference at these frequencies is one guided wavelength. First, the radiation field generated from an N-type current distributed along a loop, EN, is investigated. Radiation in the normal direction for a metaloop antenna is discussed. During the beam-steering, the gain for an LHCP wave is nearly constant, with a value between 5 dBi and 6.5 dBi. These tilted CP radiation beams are rotated around the antenna axis with change in the excitation phases at points FL’ and FO. The angle of depression (tilt angle) using equal amplitude excitation is θmax = 20° at fLH-1FD and θmax = 15° at fRH-1FD. It is found that the MetaLPA-plus radiates an LHCP tilted beam at fLH-1FD and an RHCP tilted beam at fRH-1FD. This antenna system is designated as the MetaLPA-plus. Next, a large metaloop antenna that radiates a conical beam and has a feed point, FO, is concentrically added to the outside of the gain-balanced 1FD-MetaLPA. ![]() The radiation efficiency under the balanced gain is 75% at fLH-1FD and 29% at fRH-1FD. The replacement generates a balanced gain of 7.1 dBi with an LHCP gain bandwidth of 7.7% and an RHCP gain bandwidth of 8.3%. Subsequently, a number of C-type metaatoms are replaced by N-type metaatoms. It is revealed that the maximum gains at fLH-1FD and fRH-1FD are unbalanced. A metaloop antenna (1FD-MetaLPA), made of C-type metaatoms and having a single feed point, FL’, is created to radiate a left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) axial beam at a frequency of fLH-1FD = 2.55 GHz and a right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) axial beam at a frequency of fRH-1FD = 3.45 GHz.
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